From Natural to Artificial Design of Living Systems
Abstract
The question of constructing the living determines the transformation of ontology that arises as a result of the deep penetration of technologies into living systems. This is a reassessment of fundamental categories such as life, artificial and natural, human identity, which raises complex ethical, philosophical and legal questions. The study focuses on the life sciences, analyzing their specificity and classification. Breakthroughs in experimental methods, especially in molecular biology and genomics, have brought biosciences to the forefront. We can “read” and “write” genomes, model life at different levels. The boundary between the organic and the inorganic is blurred. This gives rise to a new ontology, where molecules are considered not only as building blocks of life, but also as information carriers, elements of complex information systems. Living organisms appear as complex self-regulating machines that can be engineered. This shift has turned biology into something more than just a science; it becomes a ‘‘technobiological art’’ that combines a deep understanding of life with the ability to purposefully construct and change it. The classical division between subject and object is blurred. Biological research is increasingly integrated with digital technologies, creating complex computer models of living systems.
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